| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| IDLE |
HIGH |
NORMAL |
Rough
idle, black smoke from tailpipe. |
- Restricted
(dirty) air filter.
- PCV
valve dirty, plugged up, or restricted.
- Carburetion:
- Idle
mixture is set too rich.
- Idle
speed is set too fast.
- Idle
speed is set too fast because the
idle mixture is set too lean to
idle properly.
- Choke
is not opening all the way, or
operation is faulty.
- Float
level is very high.
- Float
is too heavy.
- Leaking
gas through at needle & seat
and is slowly flooding.
(defective or dirty needle &
seat). (Check for small piece of
dirt on needle.)
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| IDLE
cont. |
NORMAL |
HIGH |
Rough
idle, lack of power, hesitation or rough running. |
- Engine
problems such as leaky valves, carbon
build-up on valves, broken valve spring.
- Ignition
(electrical) problems:
- Bad
condenser.
- Bad
points.
- Plugs
dirty, shorted, worn out or
fouled.
- Plug
wires bad, mixed up, or crossed.
- Distributor
cap cracked.
- Bad
rotor.
- Bad
coil.
- Ignition
timing advanced too far.
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| IDLE
cont. |
LOW |
HIGH |
Rough
idle, can't seem to get the mixture to adjust, or
hesitation on acceleration. High
O2, high HC, Low CO. Note: Oxygenated fuels can
give readings of O2 up to 4% when there is no
vacuum leak: this is OK.
|
- Leaking
vacuum or air at carb base plate. (this
is so common, start your search here.)
- Vacuum
leak.
- Bad
PCV valve.
- Bad
or leaking Brake-Booster Diaphram.
- Dirt
in idle jet.
- Carb
base warped by installer.Carb
top badly warped by installer.
- Base
gasket missing or wrong one or installed
incorrectly.
- Altitude
compensator malfunction.
- Mixture
set too lean.
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| IDLE
cont. |
HIGH |
HIGH |
Running
too rich, black smoke from tailpipe at idle.
Can't get the mixture to adjust. Had to speed up
the idle to get it to run. |
- Idle
speed set too fast.
- No
ground circuit to the idle cut-off
solenoid.
- No
power up to the idle cut-off solenoid.
- Defective,
dirty, or non-working idle cut-off
solenoid.
- Carb
is slowly flooding. (Needle & seat
dirty.)
- Power
valve blown out by engine spit-back.
- Fuel
pressure too high.
- TPS
(throttle position sensor) not adjusted
correctly.
- Dirt
in air bleed jets.
- Bad
O2 sensor.
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| LOW
CRUISE (1500RPM). Dyno: 40mph @ 10hp |
NORMAL |
HIGH |
Surges,
rough, lack of power, possible hesitation. Or
with possible solution #3 it may run OK or just
be a little low on power.
|
- Engine
problems such as leaky valves, carbon
build-up on valves, broken valve spring.
- Ignition
(electrical) problems:
- Bad
condenser.
- Bad
points.
- Plugs
dirty, shorted, worn out or
fouled.
- Plug
wires bad, mixed up, or crossed.
- Distributor
cap cracked.
- Bad
rotor.
- Bad
coil.
- Bad
Catalytic Converter
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| LOW
CRUISE (1500RPM). Dyno: 40mph @ 10hp cont. |
LOW |
HIGH |
Surges |
- Vacuum
leak
- Float
level too low.
- Bad
PCV valve.
- Bad
or leaking Brake-booster diaphram.
- Top
casting warped (from overtightening carb
onto the manifold, or overtightening the
air cleaner stud.)
- Feedback
valve not working.
- Mixture
set too lean.
- Throttle
position sensor not adjusted right.
- Altitude
compensator malfunction.
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| LOW
CRUISE (1500RPM). Dyno: 40mph @ 10hp cont. |
HIGH |
HIGH |
Generally
runs OK, but won't pass smog. Or a little
sluggish on power. |
- Float
level too high.
- Power
valve leaking.
- No
power or ground circuit up to the idle
cut off solenoid.
- Timing
retarded, Vacuum advance not working
properly or distributor weights sticky.
- Excessive
exhaust system backpressure.
- TPS
(throttle position sensor) bad or out of
adjustment.
- Bad
O2 sensor.
- Gas
in crankcase.
- Engine
oil old or needs changing.
- Leaking
fuel pump diaphram.
- High
fuel pressure.
- Sticky
or plugged PCV valve.
- Charcoal
cannister defective or saturated with gas
(Replace it).
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| CRUISE
(2500RPM) Dyno: 60mph @ 30hp. |
HIGH |
NORMAL |
Exhaust
smells rich when throttle is held at a steady
cruise speed (2500 rpm). |
- Float
level a little too high.
- Main
jet a little too big (possible but least
likely. Check all other items first.)
- A
little dirt or gum partly blocking the
main air bleed.
- Power
valve leaking a little.
- TPS
out of adjustment.
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| CRUISE
cont. |
NORMAL |
HIGH |
Occasional
miss or surge. Or perhaps no miss at all,
especially for possible cause #3. |
- Ignition
problem: Usually is occasional plug
misfire or marginal plug wire. Also check
cap, rotor, and for corrosion at coil
terminal. Check centrifugal advance and
vacuum advance on distributor.
- Ignition
timing off at cruise. Check distributor
for wear & correct operation.
- Bad
or lazy catalytic convertor.
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| CRUISE
cont. |
LOW |
NORMAL
OR HIGH |
Surging,
gasping, could have wildly varying RPM. HC 200ppm
& up to 2000ppm. High O2, and low CO2. Note:
The use of Oxygenated fuel may give O2 readings
of up to 4% without having any vacuum leak at
all. |
- Vacuum
leak.
- Main
air bleeds blown out, or missing.
- Wrong
main air bleeds.
- Main
jet much too small, or dirt in main jet.
- Leaking
carb base plate.
- PCV
valve stuck open.
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|
| TEST
SPEED |
CO |
HC |
SYMPTOMS |
POSSIBLE
CAUSES |
| CRUISE
cont. |
HIGH |
HIGH |
Exhaust
smells rich, may or may not be doggy on power. |
- Bad
MAP sensor or bad MAF sensor. (Check also
any vacuum lines to the sensor.)
- Main
jet too large (possible, but least
likely).
- Main
air bleed plugged up with dirt.
- Float
level very high.
- Very
heavy float.
- Bad
power valve or power valve stuck on, or
no vacuum to the power valve (hose
connected wrong?).
- Bad
or misadjusted TPS.
- Ignition
timing at cruise is incorrect.
- Plugged
exhaust or bad catalytic converter.
- Sticky
or plugged PCV valve.
- High
fuel pressure.
- Gas
in engine oil, or it needs changing.
- Mixture
control solenoid defective (some models).
- Charcoal
cannister defective or saturated with
gas. (Replace it)
- Failure
to enter closed loop.
- Bad
oxygen sensor.
- Restricted
air intake.
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|